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Vliv plemenné příslušnosti na hodnoty hematologických parametrů u kapra obecného
NÁDASKÝ, Alexandr
The aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of breed affiliation on the values of haematological parameters in selected breeds and interbreeds of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and ornamental variety - koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus). A total of 5 groups of fish were included in the experiment and 9 individuals were included in each group. Thus, a total of 45 common carp at one year of age. Each group represented one of the breeds or inter-breed hybrids studied. In the framework of this thesis, haematological parameters were determined in individuals of the AS breed, the synthetic line of Hungarian Mirror Carp (HSM) and hybrids of the breeds Ropšinský x Tatajský carp or Amur mirror carp x HSM. The fifth group was koi carp. The fish were reared in aquaria, where optimal and identical physico-chemical water parameters were ensured throughout the rearing period. The RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC WBC, Lk and differential leukocyte count were determined from the blood samples collected. Based on the determined values and the results of statistical comparison, it is evident that there are statistically significant differences in RBC, PCV, Hb and WBC values between the compared groups. Individuals from the koi and HSM groups (lower values of RBC, PCV and Hb) differed exclusively from individuals from the AS and interbreed hybrids ROP x TAT and HSM x AL groups. On the other hand, the highest WBC value was determined in fish from the HSM group. Within the leukogram, significant differences were found in the percentages of lymphocytes and metamyelocytes, and only lymphocytes showed significant differences in the absolute values of individual white blood cell types. Even though the fish were reared under similar conditions throughout the experiment, it cannot be completely excluded that some secondary effects on some hematological parameters may have been caused by even very subtle changes and factors (difference in physical activity or water flow in the rearing tank, stress caused by the presence of other individuals, etc.).
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The cellular elements participating in the inflammatory response
CHMELOVÁ, Veronika
The issue of inflammation is a very complicated and extensive topic, which by far does not just cells that the task of this thesis. It's a proces to helping maintain the internal environment of the organism and its task is cope with external environmental influences, which may mean risk for the organism. Inflammatory cell response is the mechanism which the body defends itself against infections and corrects damaged tissue. But this process can not be understood only as a defensive reaction. Especially with persistent inflammation may evolve a disease state which leads to irreversible tissue damage. In this case, the pathologic response. The theoretical part describes the course of inflammatory reactions and focus on individual blood cells. In this part of thesis, describe their morphological structure, interaction and role in the pathophysiological process. The practical part is devoted to specifics methods which can be used to investigate inflammatory cells. I appreciate their advantages and disadvantages, and describe the principles and practices of these methods. The most basic method is the fabrication and painting the blood smear and microscopic minus differential leukocyte budget. For higher level can be considered Hematology Analyzer, in addition to white blood cells provides a range of information, including platelets and red series. The last method, which the work is concerned with flow cytometry. The huge growth in recent years, the opportunity to investigate a large number of parameters. But this places high demands on the correct interpretation of the data. The last part is concerned with mast cell and problems of its investigations both in terms of hematological and histological methods.
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The introduction of digital morphology in laboratory hematology
STRUSKOVÁ, Martina
The aim of my bachelor´s work is to compare the results of the diferential divide of leukocyte achieved in a trial run by a classical microscope and by a digital morphological system from the company CellaVision AB (Lund, Švédsko) Cella Vision DM96?. I concentrated on checking the correctness and accuracy of the measurement and I compared the work, time and financial demands. The methodical part of my work was done in the hematological laboratory in the hospital České Budějovice plc., where I work. The data file was formed of 50 samples, whose blood picture including the diferential divide of leukocyte was analysed at hematological analyzer Coulter LH 755. The samples were evaluated according to the rules stated in SOP of the laboratory and according to as it is called warning reports of the analyzer informing about the suspicion of occurrence of immature or atypical forms of cellular populations, which were marked as necessary for microscopic checking. After making and colouring the blood smear these samples were microscopic evaluated by a classical microscope and at the same time they were, in a trial run, analyzed by a digital microscope Cella Vision DM96. The results of the measurement are placed in corresponding diagrams showing the relations of correctness and correlation of cellular populations. The source of original data is to be found in the enclosure. The correlation of single population of leukocyte preclassified by a digital microscope in relation to conventional microscopy are for neutrofils 0,91, for lymphocytes 0,96, monocytes 0,89, bands 0,78. I don´t mention the figures for eosinofiles and basofiles, because they are of low informative value due to low cellular representation in the smears. The theory about results achieved by the digital system Cella Vision DM96? being unsatisfactory was proved, mainly because of neutrofiles. The leukocyte correlation after manual correction is for neutrofiles 0,97, lymfocyte 0,98, monocytes 0,94, bands 0,96. In this case the theory about results after manual preclassification being comparable to classical microscopy is true. The total average time of evaluation by the digital morphology is 9´55´´ where the time of stating by analyzer took on average 2´30´´ and the operation time of manual correction was on average 6´55´´. The measured average time of classical microscopy was 5´10´´.The time demands of the diferential divide of leukocyte analysis done by a microscope Cella Vision DM96? is bigger than by classical microscopy, which emerges from the resulting values. A very important aspect which influences the results of preclassification is the quality of smears and colouring. The observed samples were done manually. After finishing the study I had the oportunity to work with samples done mecanically. With samples prepared this way is the time demands much lower. For the group ofleukopenic samples (0,1 ? 3,9 x 109G/l) the manual preclassification of the diferential divide of leukocyte done mechanically by a digital machine from the point of view of time more favourable than the reclassification done by classical microscope. Time savings of these samples is nearly 50%. The financial demands are based on the time or rather the cost of operation time for people doing the manual reclassification of the digitally evaluated sample. The operating costs are higher at the time difference between classical and digital microscopy. If we take account of the machine price, the finantial demands increase multiply. Although there are some significant aspects the digital morphology is implemented for. For example results archiving and their reverse control including all cell exposures, possibility for so called teleconsultation, saving the exposures in electronic medical records. The digital system is also a significant help for emploees and trainees education.
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Assessment of differential number of leukocytes in automatic analyzer and microscopically
BAMBULOVÁ, Iva
Evaluation of blood count with differential leukocyte budget is a basic haematological test. From a diagnostic point of view is the information about the exact number of leukocytes and their percentage representation in the patient's blood very valuable as well as a range of informations on the effect of disease states. In my bachelor´s thesis I devote to instrumentative and microscopic examination of the differential leukocyte budget and their comparing in terms of difficulty and obtaining the most accurate results. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology are used to determine differential leukocyte budget modern haematological analyzers, but the manual setting by using a microscope remains the basis of good work in haematological laboratory. The goal of each laboratory determination is to produce accurate results for clinical use. The analyzes are mostly automatic and their advantages are faster pace of analysis, accuracy, reliability and need of small volume of sample. The main objective of my thesis is to evaluate the distinction by using two different methods, microscopical and instrumentative. The thesis is traditionally divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretic part of the thesis explains the meaning of the differential leukocyte count, there is a detailed morfology description of different leukocyte types. I mentioned the non-neoplastic and neoplastic changes in the number of leukocytes. Last but not least, there is an overview of laboratory methods that are used for blood counts in routine haematological laboratory. To determine differential leukocyte budget is used optical method, electrical impedance method, cytochemical method or digital morphology. The practical part describes the examination methodology of the differential leukocyte budget, which I have used in this work. I made a blood smear by microscopic assessment, which I dyed according the instructions. Preparates are viewed with oil immersion under a light microscope. To record different leukocyte types are used recording devices - leucomats. I made automatic assessment of differential leukocyte budget in 5 - population haematological analyzer Sysmex XE - 2100 based on the principle of flow cytometry with sample measurements from the feeder closed or open way. Examination of differential leukocyte budgets was realized in biochemical and haematological laboratory synlab czech s.r.o in Czech Budweis. Here I investigated 100 randomly selected patient samples of venous blood under the proffesional supervision and I compared the differential leukocyte budgets and differences between methods. I investigated samples in April and May of 2012. Results obtained by microscopic examination and by measurements on analyzer were statistically compiled into tables and graphs in a computer program. In the graphical representation comparing the differential cell counts in 100 samples of the budget of the analyzer under a microscope. I set the hypothesis that the numbers of microscopic differentials equal to those of the automatic analyzer. Laboratory results were obtained by the measurement and that results were interpreted after consultation with the supervisor. Based on the results, I rejected the hypothesis. Own laboratory investigation showed that classic microscopic assessment has essential importance in the analysis of pathological cells. It also depends on the experience of the laboratory worker. The advantages of the haematologic analyzer are particularly rapid analysis, accuracy and need of small volume of biological sample. During the practical part of the thesis I gained practical skills in working with biological material and I embraced the principles of laboratory methods. The results of my work can be used widely in clinical laboratories in assessing the advantages and disadvantages of relationships between monitored by analytical methods.
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Comparison of devices and microscopical assesment differential count of leukocytes
NETREFOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis deals with methods of determination of differential count of leukocytes and their positives and negatives. No wonder that nowadays modern haematology analyzers have been used for determination of differential count of leukocytes due to technical progress, however manual assesment by microscope keep still being a basic element of good work in a haematology laboratory. In the practical part I will describe single work procedures and these methods will be then compared according to the observed results. The Coulter LH 750 analyzer by Beckman Coulter Inc. based on the principle of electric impedance has been used in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. for automatic assesment of differential count of leukocytes. In case of the microscopic assesment a blood film is made which is then stained by Pappenheim method with May - Grünwald and Giemsa - Romanovsky colours. Then I will try to suggest an optimization for current investigation of the complete blood picture.
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